﻿<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<rss version="2.0" xmlns:podcast="https://podcastindex.org/namespace/1.0" xmlns:atom="http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom" xmlns:content="http://purl.org/rss/1.0/modules/content/" xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" xmlns:itunes="http://www.itunes.com/dtds/podcast-1.0.dtd">
    <channel>
        <atom:link href="https://feeds.bbcsoundsrss.media/InOurTime.rss" rel="self" type="application/rss+xml"></atom:link>
        <title>In Our Time</title>
        <itunes:title>In Our Time</itunes:title>
        <description><![CDATA[Melvyn Bragg and guests discuss the ideas, people and events that have shaped our world.

**Important Update: The BBC will be implementing major changes to Sounds on July 21st, making it available only to listeners within the UK. As this is an unofficial podcast feed hosted outside the UK, these changes are expected to have an impact, though the extent remains uncertain. Every effort will be made to keep the service running. [4-Jul-25]]]></description>
        <itunes:summary><![CDATA[Melvyn Bragg and guests discuss the ideas, people and events that have shaped our world.

**Important Update: The BBC will be implementing major changes to Sounds on July 21st, making it available only to listeners within the UK. As this is an unofficial podcast feed hosted outside the UK, these changes are expected to have an impact, though the extent remains uncertain. Every effort will be made to keep the service running. [4-Jul-25]]]></itunes:summary>
        <itunes:author>BBC Radio 4</itunes:author>
        <link>https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b006qykl</link>
        <language>en-US</language>
        <copyright>(C) BBC 2025</copyright>
        <lastBuildDate>Thu, 07 May 2026 12:32:16 GMT</lastBuildDate>
        <pubDate>Thu, 07 May 2026 08:45:00 GMT</pubDate>
        <itunes:owner><itunes:name>bbcsoundsrss.media</itunes:name><itunes:email>bbcsoundsrss@gmail.com</itunes:email></itunes:owner>
        <itunes:category text="History"></itunes:category>
        <itunes:explicit>false</itunes:explicit>
        <itunes:block>yes</itunes:block>
        <podcast:block>yes</podcast:block>
        <image><url>https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/640x640/p0h5bdr7.jpg</url><link>https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b006qykl</link><title>In Our Time</title></image>
        <itunes:image href="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/640x640/p0h5bdr7.jpg"></itunes:image>
        <item><title>Joseph Roth</title><itunes:title>Joseph Roth</itunes:title><link>https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/m002vyjt</link><description><![CDATA[Misha Glenny and guests discuss one of the great writers on Central Europe after the first world war and on the dying of the old orders with the collapse of the Austro-Hungarian empire.  As a German speaking Jew from Brody in the north-eastern edge of that Empire, which was then in Galicia, next in Poland and is now in Ukraine, Roth (1894 - 1939) was to spend his short life moving first to Lviv then to Vienna and finally to Paris via Berlin without ever finding a settled home. Roth explored the loss of homeland and anticipated the dangers of the new nationalism through his journalism and in his novels including Radetzky March, Job, Rebellion and Flight Without End, and his books were among the first the Nazis burned.<br><br>With <br><br>Helen Chambers<br>Emeritus Professor of German at the University of St Andrews<br><br>Deborah Holmes<br>Associate Professor of Modern German Literature at the University of  Salzburg<br><br>And <br><br>Jon Hughes<br>Reader in German and Cultural Studies at Royal Holloway, University of London<br><br>Producer: Simon Tillotson<br><br>Reading list:<br><br>Jon Hughes, Facing Modernity: Fragmentation, Culture and Identity in Joseph Roth's Writing in the 1920s (MHRA, 2006) <br><br>Heinz Lunzer and Victoria Lunzer-Talos, Joseph Roth: Leben und Werk in Bildern (Kiepenheuer & Witsch, 1994)<br><br>Keiron Pim, Endless Flight: The Life of Joseph Roth (Granta, 2022)<br><br>Joseph Roth (trans. Deborah Holmes, ed. Helen Constantine), Vienna Tales (Oxford University Press, 2014)<br><br>Joseph Roth (trans. and ed. Michael Hofmann), A Life in Letters (Granta, 2012)<br><br>Joseph Roth (trans. Michael Hofmann), Collected Shorter Fiction (Granta, 2001)<br><br>Joseph Roth (trans. Michael Hofmann), Rebellion (Granta, 2000)<br><br>Joseph Roth (trans. Michael Hofmann), The Radetzky March (Granta, 2022)<br><br>Joseph Roth (trans. Michael Hofmann), The Legend of the Holy Drinker (Granta, 2022)<br><br>Joseph Roth (trans. Michael Hofmann), The Wandering Jews (Granta, 2001)<br><br>Joseph Roth (trans. Michael Hofmann), What I Saw: Reports from Berlin 1920-1933 (Granta, 2022)<br><br>Joseph Roth (trans. Michael Hofmann), The Hotel Years: Wanderings in Europe Between the Wars (Granta, 2015)<br><br>Joseph Roth (trans. Michael Hofmann), Reports from a Parisian Paradise: Essays from France 1925-1939 (Granta, 2004)<br><br>Joseph Roth (trans. Michael Hofmann), The Emperor's Tomb (Granta, 2013)<br><br>Joseph Roth (trans. Michael Hofmann), The String of Pearls (Granta, 1999)<br><br>Joseph Roth (trans. Michael Hofmann), The White Cities: Reports From France 1925-1939 (Granta, 2013)<br><br>Joseph Roth (trans. David Le Vay), Weights and Measures (Pushkin Press, 2024)<br><br>Joseph Roth (trans. Daved Le Vay and Beatrice Musgrave), Flight Without End (Pushkin Press, 2024)<br><br>Joseph Roth (trans. Ruth Martin), The Coral Merchant: Essential Stories (Pushkin Press, 2020)<br><br>Joseph Roth (trans Will Stone), On the End of the World (Pushkin Press, 2019)<br><br>Joseph Roth (trans. Dorothy Thompson), Job: The Story of a Simple Man (Granta, 2022)<br><br>Wilhelm Von Sternburg, Joseph Roth: Eine Biographie (Kiepenheuer & Witsch, 2009)<br><br>In Our Time is a BBC Studios Production<br><br>Spanning history, religion, culture, science and philosophy, In Our Time from BBC Radio 4 is essential listening for the intellectually curious. In each episode, host Misha Glenny and expert guests explore the characters, events and discoveries that have shaped our world.]]></description><itunes:summary><![CDATA[Misha Glenny and guests discuss one of the great writers on Central Europe after the first world war and on the dying of the old orders with the collapse of the Austro-Hungarian empire.  As a German speaking Jew from Brody in the north-eastern edge of that Empire, which was then in Galicia, next in Poland and is now in Ukraine, Roth (1894 - 1939) was to spend his short life moving first to Lviv then to Vienna and finally to Paris via Berlin without ever finding a settled home. Roth explored the loss of homeland and anticipated the dangers of the new nationalism through his journalism and in his novels including Radetzky March, Job, Rebellion and Flight Without End, and his books were among the first the Nazis burned.<br><br>With <br><br>Helen Chambers<br>Emeritus Professor of German at the University of St Andrews<br><br>Deborah Holmes<br>Associate Professor of Modern German Literature at the University of  Salzburg<br><br>And <br><br>Jon Hughes<br>Reader in German and Cultural Studies at Royal Holloway, University of London<br><br>Producer: Simon Tillotson<br><br>Reading list:<br><br>Jon Hughes, Facing Modernity: Fragmentation, Culture and Identity in Joseph Roth's Writing in the 1920s (MHRA, 2006) <br><br>Heinz Lunzer and Victoria Lunzer-Talos, Joseph Roth: Leben und Werk in Bildern (Kiepenheuer & Witsch, 1994)<br><br>Keiron Pim, Endless Flight: The Life of Joseph Roth (Granta, 2022)<br><br>Joseph Roth (trans. Deborah Holmes, ed. Helen Constantine), Vienna Tales (Oxford University Press, 2014)<br><br>Joseph Roth (trans. and ed. Michael Hofmann), A Life in Letters (Granta, 2012)<br><br>Joseph Roth (trans. Michael Hofmann), Collected Shorter Fiction (Granta, 2001)<br><br>Joseph Roth (trans. Michael Hofmann), Rebellion (Granta, 2000)<br><br>Joseph Roth (trans. Michael Hofmann), The Radetzky March (Granta, 2022)<br><br>Joseph Roth (trans. Michael Hofmann), The Legend of the Holy Drinker (Granta, 2022)<br><br>Joseph Roth (trans. Michael Hofmann), The Wandering Jews (Granta, 2001)<br><br>Joseph Roth (trans. Michael Hofmann), What I Saw: Reports from Berlin 1920-1933 (Granta, 2022)<br><br>Joseph Roth (trans. Michael Hofmann), The Hotel Years: Wanderings in Europe Between the Wars (Granta, 2015)<br><br>Joseph Roth (trans. Michael Hofmann), Reports from a Parisian Paradise: Essays from France 1925-1939 (Granta, 2004)<br><br>Joseph Roth (trans. Michael Hofmann), The Emperor's Tomb (Granta, 2013)<br><br>Joseph Roth (trans. Michael Hofmann), The String of Pearls (Granta, 1999)<br><br>Joseph Roth (trans. Michael Hofmann), The White Cities: Reports From France 1925-1939 (Granta, 2013)<br><br>Joseph Roth (trans. David Le Vay), Weights and Measures (Pushkin Press, 2024)<br><br>Joseph Roth (trans. Daved Le Vay and Beatrice Musgrave), Flight Without End (Pushkin Press, 2024)<br><br>Joseph Roth (trans. Ruth Martin), The Coral Merchant: Essential Stories (Pushkin Press, 2020)<br><br>Joseph Roth (trans Will Stone), On the End of the World (Pushkin Press, 2019)<br><br>Joseph Roth (trans. Dorothy Thompson), Job: The Story of a Simple Man (Granta, 2022)<br><br>Wilhelm Von Sternburg, Joseph Roth: Eine Biographie (Kiepenheuer & Witsch, 2009)<br><br>In Our Time is a BBC Studios Production<br><br>Spanning history, religion, culture, science and philosophy, In Our Time from BBC Radio 4 is essential listening for the intellectually curious. In each episode, host Misha Glenny and expert guests explore the characters, events and discoveries that have shaped our world.]]></itunes:summary><itunes:duration>00:55:06</itunes:duration><guid>https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/m002vyjt</guid><enclosure url="https://feeds.bbcsoundsrss.media/InOurTime/media/InOurTime-20260507-m002vyjt.m4a" length="40348039" type="audio/mpeg"></enclosure><category>Podcasts</category><pubDate>Thu, 07 May 2026 08:45:00 GMT</pubDate><itunes:author>BBC Radio 4</itunes:author><media:content url="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/1024x1024/p0m1q0kc.jpg" type="image/jpg" medium="image"></media:content></item>
        <item><title>Cybernetics</title><itunes:title>Cybernetics</itunes:title><link>https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/m002vmk4</link><description><![CDATA[Misha Glenny and guests discuss cybernetics – the field of study which gave us the prefix 'cyber' and helped lay the foundations for the information age. After the Second World War, cybernetics emerged as the study of communication, feedback, and control in both animals and machines. Cybernetics was first defined in 1948 by the American mathematician Norbert Wiener (1894-1964) and aimed to find a shared universal language which could be used across disciplines. The name drew on an Ancient Greek word for steersman, the person who stands at the helm of a ship to steer or govern its course. Cybernetics saw the world as systems which used loops of information and feedback to adjust their own course of action. Those ideas could be applied to anything from thermostats to the human brain, and arguably laid foundations for the information age.<br><br>With<br><br>Jacob Ward<br>Historian of science and technology at Maastricht University<br><br>Jon Agar<br>Professor of Science and Technology Studies at University College London<br><br>And<br><br>Orit Halpern<br>Lighthouse Professor and Chair of Digital Cultures at Technische Universität Dresden<br><br>Producer: Martha Owen<br><br>Reading list:<br><br>Peter Galison, 'The ontology of the enemy: Norbert Wiener and the cybernetic vision' (Critical Inquiry 21, 1994)<br><br>Slava Gerovitch, From Newspeak to Cyberspeak: A History of Soviet Cybernetics (MIT Press, 2004)<br><br>Orit Halpern, Beautiful Data: A History of Vision and Reason (Duke University Press, 2015)<br><br>Orit Halpern, Robert Mitchell and Bernard Dionysius Geoghegan, The Smartness Mandate: Notes toward a Critique (Grey Room 68, 2017) <br><br>Orit Halpern, Financializing Intelligence: On the Integration of Machines and Markets (e-flux, March 2023)<br><br>N. Katherine Hayles, How We Became Posthuman: Virtual Bodies in Cybernetics, Literature, and Informatics (University of Chicago Press, 1999)<br><br>Steve J. Heims, John Von Neumann and Norbert Wiener, From Mathematics to the Technologies of Life and Death (MIT Press, 1980)<br><br>Ronald R. Kline, The Cybernetics Moment: Or Why We Call Our Age The Information Age (Johns Hopkins University Press, 2015)<br><br>Eden Medina, Cybernetic Revolutionaries: Technology and Politics in Allende's Chile (MIT Press, 2011)<br><br>David A. Mindell, Between Human and Machine: Feedback, Control, and Computing before Cybernetics (Johns Hopkins University Press, 2004)<br><br>Andrew Pickering, The Cybernetic Brain: Sketches of Another Future (University of Chicago Press, 2010)<br><br>Norbert Wiener, The Human Use of Human Beings: Cybernetics and Society (first published 1950; Da Capo Press, 1988)<br><br>In Our Time is a BBC Studios production<br><br>Spanning history, religion, culture, science and philosophy, In Our Time from BBC Radio 4 is essential listening for the intellectually curious. In each episode, host Misha Glenny and expert guests explore the characters, events and discoveries that have shaped our world.]]></description><itunes:summary><![CDATA[Misha Glenny and guests discuss cybernetics – the field of study which gave us the prefix 'cyber' and helped lay the foundations for the information age. After the Second World War, cybernetics emerged as the study of communication, feedback, and control in both animals and machines. Cybernetics was first defined in 1948 by the American mathematician Norbert Wiener (1894-1964) and aimed to find a shared universal language which could be used across disciplines. The name drew on an Ancient Greek word for steersman, the person who stands at the helm of a ship to steer or govern its course. Cybernetics saw the world as systems which used loops of information and feedback to adjust their own course of action. Those ideas could be applied to anything from thermostats to the human brain, and arguably laid foundations for the information age.<br><br>With<br><br>Jacob Ward<br>Historian of science and technology at Maastricht University<br><br>Jon Agar<br>Professor of Science and Technology Studies at University College London<br><br>And<br><br>Orit Halpern<br>Lighthouse Professor and Chair of Digital Cultures at Technische Universität Dresden<br><br>Producer: Martha Owen<br><br>Reading list:<br><br>Peter Galison, 'The ontology of the enemy: Norbert Wiener and the cybernetic vision' (Critical Inquiry 21, 1994)<br><br>Slava Gerovitch, From Newspeak to Cyberspeak: A History of Soviet Cybernetics (MIT Press, 2004)<br><br>Orit Halpern, Beautiful Data: A History of Vision and Reason (Duke University Press, 2015)<br><br>Orit Halpern, Robert Mitchell and Bernard Dionysius Geoghegan, The Smartness Mandate: Notes toward a Critique (Grey Room 68, 2017) <br><br>Orit Halpern, Financializing Intelligence: On the Integration of Machines and Markets (e-flux, March 2023)<br><br>N. Katherine Hayles, How We Became Posthuman: Virtual Bodies in Cybernetics, Literature, and Informatics (University of Chicago Press, 1999)<br><br>Steve J. Heims, John Von Neumann and Norbert Wiener, From Mathematics to the Technologies of Life and Death (MIT Press, 1980)<br><br>Ronald R. Kline, The Cybernetics Moment: Or Why We Call Our Age The Information Age (Johns Hopkins University Press, 2015)<br><br>Eden Medina, Cybernetic Revolutionaries: Technology and Politics in Allende's Chile (MIT Press, 2011)<br><br>David A. Mindell, Between Human and Machine: Feedback, Control, and Computing before Cybernetics (Johns Hopkins University Press, 2004)<br><br>Andrew Pickering, The Cybernetic Brain: Sketches of Another Future (University of Chicago Press, 2010)<br><br>Norbert Wiener, The Human Use of Human Beings: Cybernetics and Society (first published 1950; Da Capo Press, 1988)<br><br>In Our Time is a BBC Studios production<br><br>Spanning history, religion, culture, science and philosophy, In Our Time from BBC Radio 4 is essential listening for the intellectually curious. In each episode, host Misha Glenny and expert guests explore the characters, events and discoveries that have shaped our world.]]></itunes:summary><itunes:duration>00:52:38</itunes:duration><guid>https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/m002vmk4</guid><enclosure url="https://feeds.bbcsoundsrss.media/InOurTime/media/InOurTime-20260430-m002vmk4.m4a" length="38564715" type="audio/mpeg"></enclosure><category>Podcasts</category><pubDate>Thu, 30 Apr 2026 08:45:00 GMT</pubDate><itunes:author>BBC Radio 4</itunes:author><media:content url="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/1024x1024/p0m1q0kc.jpg" type="image/jpg" medium="image"></media:content></item>
        <item><title>Handel's Messiah</title><itunes:title>Handel's Messiah</itunes:title><link>https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/m002tptk</link><description><![CDATA[Misha Glenny and his guests discuss the most famous oratorio of George Frideric Handel (1685-1759) and his librettist Charles Jennens (1700-1773).  For his libretto, Jennens drew from Old and New Testament texts: prophecies about the coming of Jesus, the Messiah, the nativity, the suffering of Christ and his death and the Day of Judgement and redemption for all.  Handel's Messiah had its premiere in 1742 in a secular Dublin music hall to great acclaim with a packed audience and Handel continued to adapt his Messiah for later performances, often shaping the work to the choirs or individual singers available.  Messiah proved to be one of his most popular works, becoming a favourite of massed choirs around the world far beyond the scale of Handel's original.<br><br>With <br><br>Donald Burrows<br>Emeritus Professor of Music at the Open University<br><br>Ruth Smith<br>Trustee and Council Member of the Handel Institute<br><br>And<br><br>Larry Zazzo<br>Countertenor, and Senior Lecturer in Music at Newcastle University<br><br>Producer: Simon Tillotson<br><br>Reading list:<br><br>Donald Burrows, Messiah (full score, 2 vols, Hallische Händel Ausgabe, forthcoming)<br><br>Donald Burrows, Messiah (Edition Peters, 1987)<br><br>Donald Burrows, Messiah, Cambridge Music Handbooks (Cambridge University Press, 1991)<br><br>Donald Burrows, Handel: Master Musicians series, 2nd edition (Oxford University Press, 2012)<br><br>George Frideric Handel (ed. Donald Burrows et al.), Collected Documents vol. 3 (1734-42), vol 4 (1742-50), (Cambridge University Press, 2019, 2020)<br><br>G.F. Handel, facsimile 'Messiah': the composer's autograph manuscript (British Library, 2009)<br><br>G.F. Handel, facsimile the composer's Conducting Score of Messiah (Scolar Press, 1974)<br>Arthur Holroyd, Reassuring 18th-Century Protestants: The Librettist's Intended Message for Handel's 'Messiah' (Quacks Books, 2018)<br><br>Charles King, Every Valley: The Story of Handel's Messiah (Doubleday/Bodley Head, 2024)<br><br>Jens Peter Larsen, Handel's Messiah: Origins, Composition, Sources (Adam and Charles Black, 1957)<br><br>Richard Luckett, Handel's Messiah: A Celebration (Victor Gollancz, 1992)<br><br>Watkins Shaw, A Textual and Historical Companion to Handel's 'Messiah' (Novello and Co, 1965)<br><br>Ruth Smith, 'The Achievements of Charles Jennens (1700–1773)' (Music & Letters, 70, 1989)<br><br>Ruth Smith, Charles Jennens: The Man behind Handel's 'Messiah' (Handel House Trust/The Gerald Coke Handel Foundation, 2012)<br><br>Ruth Smith, Handel's Oratorios and Eighteenth-Century Thought (Cambridge University Press, 1995)<br><br>Calvin R. Stapert, Handel's Messiah: Comfort for God's People (Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing Co., 2010)<br><br>Judy Tarling, Handel's Messiah: A Rhetorical Guide (first published 2014; Punnett Press, 2025)<br><br>In Our Time is a BBC Studios production<br><br>Spanning history, religion, culture, science and philosophy, In Our Time from BBC Radio 4 is essential listening for the intellectually curious. In each episode, host Misha Glenny and expert guests explore the characters, events and discoveries that have shaped our world.]]></description><itunes:summary><![CDATA[Misha Glenny and his guests discuss the most famous oratorio of George Frideric Handel (1685-1759) and his librettist Charles Jennens (1700-1773).  For his libretto, Jennens drew from Old and New Testament texts: prophecies about the coming of Jesus, the Messiah, the nativity, the suffering of Christ and his death and the Day of Judgement and redemption for all.  Handel's Messiah had its premiere in 1742 in a secular Dublin music hall to great acclaim with a packed audience and Handel continued to adapt his Messiah for later performances, often shaping the work to the choirs or individual singers available.  Messiah proved to be one of his most popular works, becoming a favourite of massed choirs around the world far beyond the scale of Handel's original.<br><br>With <br><br>Donald Burrows<br>Emeritus Professor of Music at the Open University<br><br>Ruth Smith<br>Trustee and Council Member of the Handel Institute<br><br>And<br><br>Larry Zazzo<br>Countertenor, and Senior Lecturer in Music at Newcastle University<br><br>Producer: Simon Tillotson<br><br>Reading list:<br><br>Donald Burrows, Messiah (full score, 2 vols, Hallische Händel Ausgabe, forthcoming)<br><br>Donald Burrows, Messiah (Edition Peters, 1987)<br><br>Donald Burrows, Messiah, Cambridge Music Handbooks (Cambridge University Press, 1991)<br><br>Donald Burrows, Handel: Master Musicians series, 2nd edition (Oxford University Press, 2012)<br><br>George Frideric Handel (ed. Donald Burrows et al.), Collected Documents vol. 3 (1734-42), vol 4 (1742-50), (Cambridge University Press, 2019, 2020)<br><br>G.F. Handel, facsimile 'Messiah': the composer's autograph manuscript (British Library, 2009)<br><br>G.F. Handel, facsimile the composer's Conducting Score of Messiah (Scolar Press, 1974)<br>Arthur Holroyd, Reassuring 18th-Century Protestants: The Librettist's Intended Message for Handel's 'Messiah' (Quacks Books, 2018)<br><br>Charles King, Every Valley: The Story of Handel's Messiah (Doubleday/Bodley Head, 2024)<br><br>Jens Peter Larsen, Handel's Messiah: Origins, Composition, Sources (Adam and Charles Black, 1957)<br><br>Richard Luckett, Handel's Messiah: A Celebration (Victor Gollancz, 1992)<br><br>Watkins Shaw, A Textual and Historical Companion to Handel's 'Messiah' (Novello and Co, 1965)<br><br>Ruth Smith, 'The Achievements of Charles Jennens (1700–1773)' (Music & Letters, 70, 1989)<br><br>Ruth Smith, Charles Jennens: The Man behind Handel's 'Messiah' (Handel House Trust/The Gerald Coke Handel Foundation, 2012)<br><br>Ruth Smith, Handel's Oratorios and Eighteenth-Century Thought (Cambridge University Press, 1995)<br><br>Calvin R. Stapert, Handel's Messiah: Comfort for God's People (Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing Co., 2010)<br><br>Judy Tarling, Handel's Messiah: A Rhetorical Guide (first published 2014; Punnett Press, 2025)<br><br>In Our Time is a BBC Studios production<br><br>Spanning history, religion, culture, science and philosophy, In Our Time from BBC Radio 4 is essential listening for the intellectually curious. In each episode, host Misha Glenny and expert guests explore the characters, events and discoveries that have shaped our world.]]></itunes:summary><itunes:duration>00:54:05</itunes:duration><guid>https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/m002tptk</guid><enclosure url="https://feeds.bbcsoundsrss.media/InOurTime/media/InOurTime-20260409-m002tptk.m4a" length="39615520" type="audio/mpeg"></enclosure><category>Podcasts</category><pubDate>Thu, 09 Apr 2026 08:45:00 GMT</pubDate><itunes:author>BBC Radio 4</itunes:author><media:content url="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/1024x1024/p0m1q0kc.jpg" type="image/jpg" medium="image"></media:content></item>
        <item><title>The Spanish-American War 1898</title><itunes:title>The Spanish-American War 1898</itunes:title><link>https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/m002tbzg</link><description><![CDATA[Misha Glenny and guests discuss a turning point in world affairs in 1898 that left Spain greatly reduced as an imperial power and the US the owner of the Philippines, Guam and Puerto Rico, with a significant influence over the newly independent Cuba where the war broke out. The US had been eyeing Cuba for decades, waiting for the right moment and the right kind of action, and in April 1898 intervened in the long-running fighting on the island for independence from Spain. With a much stronger navy it was a very uneven battle and the US soon triumphed over Spanish forces from Manila to Santiago de Cuba.  This brief war confirmed the US as a power on the world stage and made a shocked Spain turn inwards to ask what had gone wrong.  Meanwhile, people in the Philippines were about to attempt a new and bloody independence fight with the US.<br><br>With<br><br>Frank Cogliano<br>Professor of American History at the University of Edinburgh<br><br>Mary Vincent<br>Professor of Modern European History at the University of Sheffield<br><br>And<br><br>Stephen Wilkinson<br>Senior Lecturer in Politics and International Relations at the University of Buckingham<br><br>Producer: Simon Tillotson<br><br>Reading list:<br><br>Sebastian Balfour, The End of the Spanish Empire, 1898-1923 (Clarendon Press, 1997)<br><br>Sebastian Balfour, 'Riot, Regeneration and Reaction: Spain in the Aftermath of the 1898 Disaster' (The Historical journal 38.2, 1995) <br><br>Ada Ferrer, Cuba: An American History (Scribner, 2021)<br><br>Greg Grandin, America, América: A New History of the New World (Torva, 2025)<br><br>Richard Kluger, Seizing Destiny: How America Grew from Sea to Shining Sea (Alfred a Knopf Inc, 2007)<br><br>Robert W. Merry, President McKinley: Architect of the American Century (Simon & Schuster, 2017)<br><br>Walter Nugent, Habits of Empire: A History of American Expansion (Alfred a Knopf Inc, 2008)<br><br>Louis A. Pérez Jr., Cuba Between Empires, 1878–1902 (University of Pittsburgh Press, 1983) <br><br>John Lawrence Tone, War and Genocide in Cuba, 1895-1898 (University of North Carolina Press, 2006) <br><br>Mary Vincent, Spain, 1833-2002: People and State (Oxford University Press, 2007), especially chapter 3<br><br>In Our Time is a BBC Studios Production<br><br>Spanning history, religion, culture, science and philosophy, In Our Time from BBC Radio 4 is essential listening for the intellectually curious. In each episode, host Misha Glenny and expert guests explore the characters, events and discoveries that have shaped our world.]]></description><itunes:summary><![CDATA[Misha Glenny and guests discuss a turning point in world affairs in 1898 that left Spain greatly reduced as an imperial power and the US the owner of the Philippines, Guam and Puerto Rico, with a significant influence over the newly independent Cuba where the war broke out. The US had been eyeing Cuba for decades, waiting for the right moment and the right kind of action, and in April 1898 intervened in the long-running fighting on the island for independence from Spain. With a much stronger navy it was a very uneven battle and the US soon triumphed over Spanish forces from Manila to Santiago de Cuba.  This brief war confirmed the US as a power on the world stage and made a shocked Spain turn inwards to ask what had gone wrong.  Meanwhile, people in the Philippines were about to attempt a new and bloody independence fight with the US.<br><br>With<br><br>Frank Cogliano<br>Professor of American History at the University of Edinburgh<br><br>Mary Vincent<br>Professor of Modern European History at the University of Sheffield<br><br>And<br><br>Stephen Wilkinson<br>Senior Lecturer in Politics and International Relations at the University of Buckingham<br><br>Producer: Simon Tillotson<br><br>Reading list:<br><br>Sebastian Balfour, The End of the Spanish Empire, 1898-1923 (Clarendon Press, 1997)<br><br>Sebastian Balfour, 'Riot, Regeneration and Reaction: Spain in the Aftermath of the 1898 Disaster' (The Historical journal 38.2, 1995) <br><br>Ada Ferrer, Cuba: An American History (Scribner, 2021)<br><br>Greg Grandin, America, América: A New History of the New World (Torva, 2025)<br><br>Richard Kluger, Seizing Destiny: How America Grew from Sea to Shining Sea (Alfred a Knopf Inc, 2007)<br><br>Robert W. Merry, President McKinley: Architect of the American Century (Simon & Schuster, 2017)<br><br>Walter Nugent, Habits of Empire: A History of American Expansion (Alfred a Knopf Inc, 2008)<br><br>Louis A. Pérez Jr., Cuba Between Empires, 1878–1902 (University of Pittsburgh Press, 1983) <br><br>John Lawrence Tone, War and Genocide in Cuba, 1895-1898 (University of North Carolina Press, 2006) <br><br>Mary Vincent, Spain, 1833-2002: People and State (Oxford University Press, 2007), especially chapter 3<br><br>In Our Time is a BBC Studios Production<br><br>Spanning history, religion, culture, science and philosophy, In Our Time from BBC Radio 4 is essential listening for the intellectually curious. In each episode, host Misha Glenny and expert guests explore the characters, events and discoveries that have shaped our world.]]></itunes:summary><itunes:duration>00:55:22</itunes:duration><guid>https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/m002tbzg</guid><enclosure url="https://feeds.bbcsoundsrss.media/InOurTime/media/InOurTime-20260402-m002tbzg.m4a" length="40549235" type="audio/mpeg"></enclosure><category>Podcasts</category><pubDate>Thu, 02 Apr 2026 08:45:00 GMT</pubDate><itunes:author>BBC Radio 4</itunes:author><media:content url="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/1024x1024/p0m1q0kc.jpg" type="image/jpg" medium="image"></media:content></item>
        <item><title>Silicon</title><itunes:title>Silicon</itunes:title><link>https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/m002t2v2</link><description><![CDATA[Misha Glenny and guests discuss the physics, biology and chemistry of the element silicon which is at the heart of some of the most useful and beautiful objects on the planet.  While it is still being created throughout the universe, the silicon we have here was made billions of years ago in dying stars.  In its compounds we have long used silicon for glass and, more recently, purified silicon has become the foundation of modern electronics.  Perhaps less appreciated is the role silicon compounds play in the biology of life on Earth, on the levels of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere and the cycling of elements between land, oceans and atmosphere that sustains us.<br><br>With <br><br>Kate Hendry<br>Oceanographer at the British Antarctic Survey and Bye-Fellow of Queen's College, University of Cambridge<br><br>Andrea Sella<br>Professor of Chemistry at University College London<br><br>And <br><br>Monica Grady<br>Professor Emerita in Planetary and Space Sciences at the Open University<br><br>Produced by Martha Owen<br><br>Reading list:<br><br>Christina De La Rocha and Daniel J. Conley, Silica Stories (Springer, 2017)<br><br>Bernard Quéguiner, The Biogeochemical Cycle of Silicon in the Ocean (John Wiley & Sons, 2016)<br><br>In Our Time is a BBC Studios Production<br><br>Spanning history, religion, culture, science and philosophy, In Our Time from BBC Radio 4 is essential listening for the intellectually curious. In each episode, host Misha Glenny and expert guests explore the characters, events and discoveries that have shaped our world.]]></description><itunes:summary><![CDATA[Misha Glenny and guests discuss the physics, biology and chemistry of the element silicon which is at the heart of some of the most useful and beautiful objects on the planet.  While it is still being created throughout the universe, the silicon we have here was made billions of years ago in dying stars.  In its compounds we have long used silicon for glass and, more recently, purified silicon has become the foundation of modern electronics.  Perhaps less appreciated is the role silicon compounds play in the biology of life on Earth, on the levels of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere and the cycling of elements between land, oceans and atmosphere that sustains us.<br><br>With <br><br>Kate Hendry<br>Oceanographer at the British Antarctic Survey and Bye-Fellow of Queen's College, University of Cambridge<br><br>Andrea Sella<br>Professor of Chemistry at University College London<br><br>And <br><br>Monica Grady<br>Professor Emerita in Planetary and Space Sciences at the Open University<br><br>Produced by Martha Owen<br><br>Reading list:<br><br>Christina De La Rocha and Daniel J. Conley, Silica Stories (Springer, 2017)<br><br>Bernard Quéguiner, The Biogeochemical Cycle of Silicon in the Ocean (John Wiley & Sons, 2016)<br><br>In Our Time is a BBC Studios Production<br><br>Spanning history, religion, culture, science and philosophy, In Our Time from BBC Radio 4 is essential listening for the intellectually curious. In each episode, host Misha Glenny and expert guests explore the characters, events and discoveries that have shaped our world.]]></itunes:summary><itunes:duration>00:52:50</itunes:duration><guid>https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/m002t2v2</guid><enclosure url="https://feeds.bbcsoundsrss.media/InOurTime/media/InOurTime-20260326-m002t2v2.m4a" length="38709251" type="audio/mpeg"></enclosure><category>Podcasts</category><pubDate>Thu, 26 Mar 2026 09:45:00 GMT</pubDate><itunes:author>BBC Radio 4</itunes:author><media:content url="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/1024x1024/p0m1q0kc.jpg" type="image/jpg" medium="image"></media:content></item>
        <item><title>Dadaism</title><itunes:title>Dadaism</itunes:title><link>https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/m002sr43</link><description><![CDATA[Misha Glenny and guests discuss the provocative artistic phenomenon that first startled audiences in 1916 in Zurich. There, at the Cabaret Voltaire at the Holländische Meierei on the Spiegelgasse, Emmy Hennings and  Hugo Ball and others gathered on a small stage, sometimes dressed in cardboard, often performing nonsense poems.  This was the start of Dada, a spirit more than a movement which spread to other cities in Europe during the war. In part the Dadas (as they called themselves) were protesting against the inevitability of constant wars on the continent and in part this was an artistic experiment around the absurd; they were creating poems, songs, costumes and art that made no obvious sense, just as the war around them made no sense to the artists, designers and poets at the Cabaret Voltaire.<br><br>With<br>Dawn Ades<br>Emeritus Professor of Art History and Theory at the University of Essex<br><br>Ruth Hemus<br>Professor of French and Visual Culture at Royal Holloway, University of London<br><br>And<br><br>Stephen Forcer<br>Professor of French at the University of Glasgow<br><br>Produced by Martha Owen<br><br>Reading list:<br><br>Dawn Ades (ed.), The Dada Reader: A Critical Anthology (Tate Publishing, 2006)<br><br>Hugo Ball (trans. Ann Raimes and ed. John Elderfield), Flight out of Time: A Dada Diary (first published 1927; University of California Press, 1996)<br><br>Stephen Forcer, Dada as Text, Thought and Theory (Legenda, 2015)<br><br>Ruth Hemus, Dada's Women (Yale University Press, 2009)<br><br>David Hopkins, Dada and Surrealism: A Very Short Introduction (Oxford University Press, 2004)<br><br>Jed Rasula, Destruction was my Beatrice: Dada and the Unmaking of the Twentieth Century (Basic Books, 2015)<br><br>In Our Time is a BBC Studios Production<br><br>Spanning history, religion, culture, science and philosophy, In Our Time from BBC Radio 4 is essential listening for the intellectually curious. In each episode, host Misha Glenny and expert guests explore the characters, events and discoveries that have shaped our world.]]></description><itunes:summary><![CDATA[Misha Glenny and guests discuss the provocative artistic phenomenon that first startled audiences in 1916 in Zurich. There, at the Cabaret Voltaire at the Holländische Meierei on the Spiegelgasse, Emmy Hennings and  Hugo Ball and others gathered on a small stage, sometimes dressed in cardboard, often performing nonsense poems.  This was the start of Dada, a spirit more than a movement which spread to other cities in Europe during the war. In part the Dadas (as they called themselves) were protesting against the inevitability of constant wars on the continent and in part this was an artistic experiment around the absurd; they were creating poems, songs, costumes and art that made no obvious sense, just as the war around them made no sense to the artists, designers and poets at the Cabaret Voltaire.<br><br>With<br>Dawn Ades<br>Emeritus Professor of Art History and Theory at the University of Essex<br><br>Ruth Hemus<br>Professor of French and Visual Culture at Royal Holloway, University of London<br><br>And<br><br>Stephen Forcer<br>Professor of French at the University of Glasgow<br><br>Produced by Martha Owen<br><br>Reading list:<br><br>Dawn Ades (ed.), The Dada Reader: A Critical Anthology (Tate Publishing, 2006)<br><br>Hugo Ball (trans. Ann Raimes and ed. John Elderfield), Flight out of Time: A Dada Diary (first published 1927; University of California Press, 1996)<br><br>Stephen Forcer, Dada as Text, Thought and Theory (Legenda, 2015)<br><br>Ruth Hemus, Dada's Women (Yale University Press, 2009)<br><br>David Hopkins, Dada and Surrealism: A Very Short Introduction (Oxford University Press, 2004)<br><br>Jed Rasula, Destruction was my Beatrice: Dada and the Unmaking of the Twentieth Century (Basic Books, 2015)<br><br>In Our Time is a BBC Studios Production<br><br>Spanning history, religion, culture, science and philosophy, In Our Time from BBC Radio 4 is essential listening for the intellectually curious. In each episode, host Misha Glenny and expert guests explore the characters, events and discoveries that have shaped our world.]]></itunes:summary><itunes:duration>00:50:58</itunes:duration><guid>https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/m002sr43</guid><enclosure url="https://feeds.bbcsoundsrss.media/InOurTime/media/InOurTime-20260319-m002sr43.m4a" length="37355263" type="audio/mpeg"></enclosure><category>Podcasts</category><pubDate>Thu, 19 Mar 2026 09:45:00 GMT</pubDate><itunes:author>BBC Radio 4</itunes:author><media:content url="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/1024x1024/p0m1q0kc.jpg" type="image/jpg" medium="image"></media:content></item>
        <item><title>Archaea</title><itunes:title>Archaea</itunes:title><link>https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/m002sg10</link><description><![CDATA[Misha Glenny and guests discuss one of the most remarkable scientific discoveries of the 20th century: the archaea microorganisms. In the 1970s the American microbiologist Carl Woese (1928-2012) realised that the tiny bacteria-sized organisms he was studying were not actually bacteria but from an entirely different branch of the tree of life. It became clear that archaea, as he named them, share aspects of the cells in all plants and animals even if they often live in places where other life struggles including salty lakes, acidic pools, under the sea bed and in the gut.  While aspects of what followed from Woese are still under debate, further discoveries suggest that life on Earth has been on a journey of separation and reunion: that the first cells developed into bacteria and archaea billions of years ago and that some of those later combined to form the complex cells from which we are made. <br><br>With<br><br>Christa Schleper<br>Professor of Genetics and Microbiology at the University of Vienna<br><br>Thorsten Allers<br>Professor of Archaeal Genetics at the University of Nottingham<br><br>And<br><br>Buzz Baum<br>Group leader at the MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology in Cambridge<br><br>Producer: Simon Tillotson<br><br>Reading list: <br><br>John Archibald, One Plus One Equals One: Symbiosis and the evolution of complex life (Oxford University Press, 2014)<br><br>Buzz Baum, 'I': A Biography of the Biological Self (Allen Lane, forthcoming 2027)<br><br>Franklin M. Harold, In Search of Cell History: The Evolution of Life's Building Blocks (University of Chicago Press, 2014) <br><br>Nick Lane, Power, Sex, Suicide: Mitochondria and the Meaning of Life (Oxford University Press, 2005)<br><br>David Quammen, The Tangled Tree: A Radical New History of Life (Simon & Schuster, 2018)<br><br>Jan Sapp, Evolution by Association: A History of Symbiosis (Oxford University Press, 1994)<br><br>In Our Time is a BBC Studios Production<br><br>Spanning history, religion, culture, science and philosophy, In Our Time from BBC Radio 4 is essential listening for the intellectually curious. In each episode, host Misha Glenny and expert guests explore the characters, events and discoveries that have shaped our world.]]></description><itunes:summary><![CDATA[Misha Glenny and guests discuss one of the most remarkable scientific discoveries of the 20th century: the archaea microorganisms. In the 1970s the American microbiologist Carl Woese (1928-2012) realised that the tiny bacteria-sized organisms he was studying were not actually bacteria but from an entirely different branch of the tree of life. It became clear that archaea, as he named them, share aspects of the cells in all plants and animals even if they often live in places where other life struggles including salty lakes, acidic pools, under the sea bed and in the gut.  While aspects of what followed from Woese are still under debate, further discoveries suggest that life on Earth has been on a journey of separation and reunion: that the first cells developed into bacteria and archaea billions of years ago and that some of those later combined to form the complex cells from which we are made. <br><br>With<br><br>Christa Schleper<br>Professor of Genetics and Microbiology at the University of Vienna<br><br>Thorsten Allers<br>Professor of Archaeal Genetics at the University of Nottingham<br><br>And<br><br>Buzz Baum<br>Group leader at the MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology in Cambridge<br><br>Producer: Simon Tillotson<br><br>Reading list: <br><br>John Archibald, One Plus One Equals One: Symbiosis and the evolution of complex life (Oxford University Press, 2014)<br><br>Buzz Baum, 'I': A Biography of the Biological Self (Allen Lane, forthcoming 2027)<br><br>Franklin M. Harold, In Search of Cell History: The Evolution of Life's Building Blocks (University of Chicago Press, 2014) <br><br>Nick Lane, Power, Sex, Suicide: Mitochondria and the Meaning of Life (Oxford University Press, 2005)<br><br>David Quammen, The Tangled Tree: A Radical New History of Life (Simon & Schuster, 2018)<br><br>Jan Sapp, Evolution by Association: A History of Symbiosis (Oxford University Press, 1994)<br><br>In Our Time is a BBC Studios Production<br><br>Spanning history, religion, culture, science and philosophy, In Our Time from BBC Radio 4 is essential listening for the intellectually curious. In each episode, host Misha Glenny and expert guests explore the characters, events and discoveries that have shaped our world.]]></itunes:summary><itunes:duration>00:53:07</itunes:duration><guid>https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/m002sg10</guid><enclosure url="https://feeds.bbcsoundsrss.media/InOurTime/media/InOurTime-20260312-m002sg10.m4a" length="38918178" type="audio/mpeg"></enclosure><category>Podcasts</category><pubDate>Thu, 12 Mar 2026 09:45:00 GMT</pubDate><itunes:author>BBC Radio 4</itunes:author><media:content url="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/1024x1024/p0m1q0kc.jpg" type="image/jpg" medium="image"></media:content></item>
        <item><title>Margaret Beaufort</title><itunes:title>Margaret Beaufort</itunes:title><link>https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/m002s3dq</link><description><![CDATA[Misha Glenny and guests discuss the woman who, as a child bride, became mother to the boy who would eventually become the first king in the Tudor dynasty. Lady Margaret Beaufort (c1443-1509) was twelve when she married Edmund Tudor, half his age, and gave birth to their son Henry when she was thirteen and Edmund was already dead from the plague.  Margaret Beaufort made it her life's work to protect Henry during the Wars of the Roses, which had begun soon before his birth and, as many more obvious successors to the crown died or were killed in the wars, she pivoted to supporting Henry when he became the strongest contender against Richard III.  She was to survive Richard III declaring her a traitor and went on to see Henry become Henry VII, the first Tudor king, and herself become the King's Mother. Outliving her son by a few months, she was then to help her grandson Henry VIII succeed and the Tudor dynasty continue.<br><br>With<br><br>Joanna Laynesmith<br>Visiting Research Fellow at the University of Reading<br><br>Katherine Lewis<br>Honorary Professor of Medieval History at the University of Lincoln and Research Associate at the University of York<br><br>And<br><br>David Grummitt<br>Staff Tutor in History at the Open University<br><br>Producer: Simon Tillotson<br><br>Reading list:<br><br>Nathen Amin, The House of Beaufort (Amberley Publishing, 2017)<br><br>Rachel Delman, 'The Vowesses, the anchoresses, and the aldermen's wives: Lady Margaret Beaufort and the Devout Society of Late Medieval Stamford' (Urban History 49, 2022) <br><br>David Grummitt, A Short History of the Wars of the Roses (revised edition, Bloomsbury Academic, 2025)<br><br>Michael Hicks, The Wars of the Roses (Yale University Press, 2010)<br><br>Lauren Johnson, Margaret Beaufort: Survivor, Rebel, Kingmaker (Bloomsbury Publishing, 2025)<br><br>Michael K. Jones and Malcolm G. Underwood, The King's Mother: Lady Margaret Beaufort, Countess of Richmond and Derby (Cambridge University Press, 1991)<br><br>Rebecca Krug, Reading Families: Women's Literate Practice in Late Medieval England (Cornell University Press, 2008), especially the chapter 'Margaret Beaufort's Literate Practice: Service and Self-Inscription'<br><br>J.L. Laynesmith, Cecily Duchess of York (Bloomsbury Academic, 2017)<br><br>Susan Powell, The Household Accounts of Lady Margaret Beaufort, 1443-1509 (Liverpool University Press, 2022)<br><br>Nicola Tallis, Uncrowned Queen: The Fateful Life of Margaret Beaufort, Tudor Matriarch (Michael O'Mara, 2019) <br><br>Micheline White (ed.), English Women, Religion, and Textual Production, 1500-1625 (Ashgate, 2016), especially 'Lady Margaret Beaufort's Translations as Mirrors of Practical Piety' by Brenda M. Hosington<br> <br>In Our Time is a BBC Studios production<br><br>Spanning history, religion, culture, science and philosophy, In Our Time from BBC Radio 4 is essential listening for the intellectually curious. In each episode, host Misha Glenny and expert guests explore the characters, events and discoveries that have shaped our world.]]></description><itunes:summary><![CDATA[Misha Glenny and guests discuss the woman who, as a child bride, became mother to the boy who would eventually become the first king in the Tudor dynasty. Lady Margaret Beaufort (c1443-1509) was twelve when she married Edmund Tudor, half his age, and gave birth to their son Henry when she was thirteen and Edmund was already dead from the plague.  Margaret Beaufort made it her life's work to protect Henry during the Wars of the Roses, which had begun soon before his birth and, as many more obvious successors to the crown died or were killed in the wars, she pivoted to supporting Henry when he became the strongest contender against Richard III.  She was to survive Richard III declaring her a traitor and went on to see Henry become Henry VII, the first Tudor king, and herself become the King's Mother. Outliving her son by a few months, she was then to help her grandson Henry VIII succeed and the Tudor dynasty continue.<br><br>With<br><br>Joanna Laynesmith<br>Visiting Research Fellow at the University of Reading<br><br>Katherine Lewis<br>Honorary Professor of Medieval History at the University of Lincoln and Research Associate at the University of York<br><br>And<br><br>David Grummitt<br>Staff Tutor in History at the Open University<br><br>Producer: Simon Tillotson<br><br>Reading list:<br><br>Nathen Amin, The House of Beaufort (Amberley Publishing, 2017)<br><br>Rachel Delman, 'The Vowesses, the anchoresses, and the aldermen's wives: Lady Margaret Beaufort and the Devout Society of Late Medieval Stamford' (Urban History 49, 2022) <br><br>David Grummitt, A Short History of the Wars of the Roses (revised edition, Bloomsbury Academic, 2025)<br><br>Michael Hicks, The Wars of the Roses (Yale University Press, 2010)<br><br>Lauren Johnson, Margaret Beaufort: Survivor, Rebel, Kingmaker (Bloomsbury Publishing, 2025)<br><br>Michael K. Jones and Malcolm G. Underwood, The King's Mother: Lady Margaret Beaufort, Countess of Richmond and Derby (Cambridge University Press, 1991)<br><br>Rebecca Krug, Reading Families: Women's Literate Practice in Late Medieval England (Cornell University Press, 2008), especially the chapter 'Margaret Beaufort's Literate Practice: Service and Self-Inscription'<br><br>J.L. Laynesmith, Cecily Duchess of York (Bloomsbury Academic, 2017)<br><br>Susan Powell, The Household Accounts of Lady Margaret Beaufort, 1443-1509 (Liverpool University Press, 2022)<br><br>Nicola Tallis, Uncrowned Queen: The Fateful Life of Margaret Beaufort, Tudor Matriarch (Michael O'Mara, 2019) <br><br>Micheline White (ed.), English Women, Religion, and Textual Production, 1500-1625 (Ashgate, 2016), especially 'Lady Margaret Beaufort's Translations as Mirrors of Practical Piety' by Brenda M. Hosington<br> <br>In Our Time is a BBC Studios production<br><br>Spanning history, religion, culture, science and philosophy, In Our Time from BBC Radio 4 is essential listening for the intellectually curious. In each episode, host Misha Glenny and expert guests explore the characters, events and discoveries that have shaped our world.]]></itunes:summary><itunes:duration>00:54:06</itunes:duration><guid>https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/m002s3dq</guid><enclosure url="https://feeds.bbcsoundsrss.media/InOurTime/media/InOurTime-20260305-m002s3dq.m4a" length="39627691" type="audio/mpeg"></enclosure><category>Podcasts</category><pubDate>Thu, 05 Mar 2026 09:45:00 GMT</pubDate><itunes:author>BBC Radio 4</itunes:author><media:content url="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/1024x1024/p0m1q0kc.jpg" type="image/jpg" medium="image"></media:content></item>
        <item><title>Important Update – See Description</title><itunes:title>Important Update – See Description</itunes:title><link>https://bbcsoundsrss.media</link><description><![CDATA[<b>Important Update About This Podcast</b><br><br>Hello, peeps.<br><br>This is an unoffical podcast that relies on BBC Sounds and is hosted outside the UK. The BBC has announced major changes to Sounds, primarily restricting access to listeners within the UK. More details can be found here:<br><br><a href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/sounds/help/questions/listening-outside-the-uk/outside-uk-changes">BBC Help: Changes for Listeners Outside the UK</a><br><br>I'm looking at a few options to keep this service running as smoothly as possible even after the changes. However, I won’t know how feasible that is until they take effect. There’s no official timeline, so it may happen suddenly—<b>one day, the podcast could simply stop updating</b>.<br><br>I'll only put updates like this one in this podcast feed if they are critical. For more frequent updates on the status of the service, visit <a href="https://bbcsoundsrss.media">bbcsoundsrss.media.</a><br><br>If you have any questions or are interested in running the software yourself, feel free to email me at bbcsoundsrss@gmail.com, and I can point you in the right direction!<br><br>It's not necessarily goodbye—I just wanted to share this update so you're aware of the situation.<br><br><em>Note: The audio file for this episode is just a placeholder. It's silent.</em>]]></description><itunes:summary><![CDATA[<b>Important Update About This Podcast</b><br><br>Hello, peeps.<br><br>This is an unoffical podcast that relies on BBC Sounds and is hosted outside the UK. The BBC has announced major changes to Sounds, primarily restricting access to listeners within the UK. More details can be found here:<br><br><a href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/sounds/help/questions/listening-outside-the-uk/outside-uk-changes">BBC Help: Changes for Listeners Outside the UK</a><br><br>I'm looking at a few options to keep this service running as smoothly as possible even after the changes. However, I won’t know how feasible that is until they take effect. There’s no official timeline, so it may happen suddenly—<b>one day, the podcast could simply stop updating</b>.<br><br>I'll only put updates like this one in this podcast feed if they are critical. For more frequent updates on the status of the service, visit <a href="https://bbcsoundsrss.media">bbcsoundsrss.media.</a><br><br>If you have any questions or are interested in running the software yourself, feel free to email me at bbcsoundsrss@gmail.com, and I can point you in the right direction!<br><br>It's not necessarily goodbye—I just wanted to share this update so you're aware of the situation.<br><br><em>Note: The audio file for this episode is just a placeholder. It's silent.</em>]]></itunes:summary><itunes:duration>00:00:03</itunes:duration><guid>https://bbcsoundsrss.media</guid><enclosure url="https://feeds.bbcsoundsrss.media/InOurTime/media/InOurTime-20250307-m0028jty.m4a" length="100091" type="audio/mpeg"></enclosure><category>Podcasts</category><pubDate>Fri, 07 Mar 2025 19:00:00 GMT</pubDate><itunes:author>BBC Radio 4</itunes:author><media:content url="https://i.imgur.com/0gqjI4I.jpeg" type="image/jpg" medium="image"></media:content></item>
    </channel>
    <MediaDirectoryHash xmlns="urn:genRSS:internal-data">E70FCA61F32D2D7CFB1AE8AA333EB3F5</MediaDirectoryHash>
    <ProfileHash xmlns="urn:genRSS:internal-data">F6ECDB217938984DD98CF0BC68D947E6</ProfileHash>
</rss>